1 1) Analog Computer:- An
analog computer is a computer which is used to process analog data. Analog
computers store data in a continuous form of physical quantities and perform
calculations with the help of measures. It is quite different from the digital
computer, which makes use of symbolic numbers to represent results. Analog
computers are excellent for situations which require data to be measured
directly without converting into numerals or codes. Analog computers, although
available and used in industrial and scientific applications like control
systems and aircraft, have been largely replaced by digital computers due to
the wide range of complexities involved.
Example:- Temperature, Pressure, Telephone
lines, Speedometer etc.
2) Digital Computer:- A digital computer
system has four basic functional elements:
(1) input-output
equipment,
(2) main
memory, (3) control unit, and (4) arithmetic-logic
unit. Any of a number of devices is used
to enter data and program instructions into a computer and to gain access to
the results of the processing operation. Common input devices include keyboards
and optical scanners; output devices include printers and monitors. The
information received by a computer from its input unit is stored in the main
memory or, if not for immediate use, in an auxiliary storage device. The control unit selects and calls up instructions from
the memory in appropriate sequence and relays the proper commands to the
appropriate unit. It also synchronizes the varied operating speeds of the input
and output devices to that of the arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) so as to ensure
the proper movement of data through the entire computer system. The ALU
performs the arithmetic and logic algorithms selected to process the incoming data at extremely high speeds—in
many cases in nanoseconds (billionths of a second). The main memory, control
unit, and ALU together make up the central processing unit (CPU) of most digital computer systems, while the
input-output devices and auxiliary storage.
Its
Constitute peripheral equipment.
Example:- Laptop, Tablet, Desktop.
3) Hybride
Compuer:- A hybrid computer is a
type of computer that offers the functionalities of both a digital and an
analog computer. It is designed to include a working analog unit that is
powerful for calculations, yet has a readily available digital memory. In large
industries and businesses, a hybrid computer can be used to incorporate logical
operations as well as provide efficient processing of differential equations.
Example:-ICU Hospital Computer, Wrist Watch.
4) Micro
Computer:- A microcomputer is a
computer with a central processing unit (CPU) as a microprocessor. Designed for
individual use, a microcomputer is smaller than a mainframe or a minicomputer.
The term microcomputer is not as commonly used as it was during the
1970s-1980s. A microcomputer's CPU includes random access memory (RAM),
read-only memory (ROM) memory, input/output (I/O) ports, interconnecting wires
and a motherboard. In 1970, Hewlett-Packard (HP) manufactured and released a
microcomputer as a calculator with varying levels of programmability, although
the Data point 2200 by Computer Terminal Corporation (CTC) is credited as the
first microcomputer. Intel’s x86 processor family can also be traced back to
CTC’s release.
Example:- Desktop Computer, Laptop.
5) Mini Computer:- A minicomputer is a type of computer that possesses most of the features
and capabilities of a large computer but is smaller in physical size. A
minicomputer fills the space between the mainframe and microcomputer, and is
smaller than the former but larger than the latter. Minicomputers are mainly
used as small or mid-range servers operating business and scientific
applications. However, the use of the term minicomputer has diminished and has
merged with servers.
A
minicomputer may also be called a mid-range computer.
Example:- I pod, Mobile etc,
6) Mainframe Computer:- Mainframes are a type of computer that generally are known for their
large size, amount of storage, processing power and high level of reliability.
They are primarily used by large organizations for mission-critical
applications requiring high volumes of data processing. In general, there are a
few characteristics of mainframes that are common among all mainframe vendors:
Nearly all mainframes have the ability to run (or host) multiple operating
systems. Mainframes can add or hot swap system capacity without disruption.
Mainframes are designed to handle very high volume input and output (I/O) and
emphasize throughput computing. A single mainframe can replace dozens or even
hundreds of smaller servers.
Example:- used for such applications as payroll
computations, accounting, business transactions, etc.
7) Super Computer:- A supercomputer is a type of computer that has
the architecture, resources and components to achieve massive computing power.
Today's super-computers consists of tens of thousands of processors that are
able to perform billions and trillions of calculations or computations per
second. Supercomputers are primarily are designed to be used in enterprises and
organizations that require massive computing power. A supercomputer
incorporates architectural and operational principles from parallel and grid
processing, where a process is simultaneously executed on thousands of
processors or is distributed among them. Although supercomputers houses
thousands of processors and require substantial floor space, they contain most
of the key components of a typical computer, including a processor(s),
peripheral devices, connectors, an operating system and applications.
Example:- Use for Weather Report, Online Gaming etc.
Created By Subhankar Saha.
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